#Reference

This is the reference for the Hardhat Network Helpers library. This library contains utility functions to interact with locally simulated networks in an easier and safer way.

#Table of Contents

• Mining blocks
  • mine
  • mineUpTo
• Manipulating accounts
  • getStorageAt
  • impersonateAccount
  • setBalance
  • setCode
  • setNonce
  • setStorageAt
  • stopImpersonatingAccount
• Snapshots
  • takeSnapshot
  • clearSnapshots
• Fixtures
  • loadFixture
• Manipulating blocks
  • dropTransaction
  • setBlockGasLimit
  • setCoinbase
  • setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas
  • setPrevRandao
• Time
  • increase
  • increaseTo
  • latest
  • latestBlock
  • setNextBlockTimestamp
• Duration
  • years
  • weeks
  • days
  • hours
  • minutes
  • seconds
  • millis

#Mining blocks

#mine

Mines a specified number of blocks with an optional time interval between them.

Type:

mine(blocks?: NumberLike, options?: { interval?: NumberLike }): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• blocks: The number of blocks to mine. Defaults to 1 if not specified.
• options.interval: Configures the interval (in seconds) between the timestamps of each mined block. Defaults to 1.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the blocks have been mined.

Example:

// Mine 1 block (default behavior)
const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.mine();

// Mine 10 blocks with an interval of 60 seconds between each block
const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.mine(10, { interval: 60 });

#mineUpTo

Mines new blocks until the latest block number reaches blockNumber.

Type:

mineUpTo(blockNumber: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• blockNumber: The target block number to mine up to. Must be greater than the latest block's number.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the required blocks have been mined.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.mineUpTo(150); // Mines until block with block number 150

#Manipulating accounts

#getStorageAt

Retrieves the data located at the given address, index, and block number.

Type:

getStorageAt(address: string, index: NumberLike, block?: NumberLike | BlockTag): Promise<string>

Parameters:

• address: The address to retrieve storage from.
• index: The position in storage.
• block: The block number, or one of "latest", "earliest", or "pending". Defaults to "latest".

Returns: A promise that resolves to a string containing the hexadecimal code retrieved.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const storageData = await networkHelpers.getStorageAt("0x123...", 0);

#impersonateAccount

Allows Hardhat Network to sign transactions as the given address.

Type:

impersonateAccount(address: string): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The address to impersonate.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the account is impersonated.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.impersonateAccount("0x123...");

#setBalance

Sets the balance for the given address.

Type:

setBalance(address: string, balance: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The address whose balance will be updated.
• balance: The new balance to set for the given address, in wei.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the balance has been set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setBalance("0x123...", 1000000000000000000n); // Sets 1 ETH

#setCode

Modifies the bytecode stored at an account's address.

Type:

setCode(address: string, code: string): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The address where the given code should be stored.
• code: The code to store (as a hex string).

Returns: A promise that resolves once the code is set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setCode("0x123...", "0x6001600101...");

#setNonce

Modifies an account's nonce by overwriting it.

Type:

setNonce(address: string, nonce: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The address whose nonce is to be changed.
• nonce: The new nonce.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the nonce is set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setNonce("0x123...", 10); // Set the nonce of the account to 10

#setStorageAt

Writes a single position of an account's storage.

Type:

setStorageAt(address: string, index: NumberLike, value: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The address where the code should be stored.
• index: The index in storage.
• value: The value to store.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the storage value is set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setStorageAt("0x123...", 0, 0x0000...);

#stopImpersonatingAccount

Stops Hardhat Network from impersonating the given address.

Type:

stopImpersonatingAccount(address: string): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The address to stop impersonating.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the impersonation is stopped.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.stopImpersonatingAccount("0x123...");

#Snapshots

#takeSnapshot

Takes a snapshot of the blockchain state at the current block.

Type:

takeSnapshot(): Promise<SnapshotRestorer>

Returns: A promise that resolves to a SnapshotRestorer object, which contains a restore method to reset the network to this snapshot.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const snapshot = await networkHelpers.takeSnapshot();
await snapshot.restore(); // Restores the blockchain state

#clearSnapshots

Clears every existing snapshot.

Type:

clearSnapshots(): void

Example:

// Clear all saved snapshots
clearSnapshots();

#Fixtures

#loadFixture

Loads a fixture and restores the blockchain to a snapshot state for repeated tests.

The loadFixture function is useful in tests where you need to set up the blockchain to a desired state (like deploying contracts, minting tokens, etc.) and then run multiple tests based on that state.

It executes the given fixture function, which should set up the blockchain state, and takes a snapshot of the blockchain. On subsequent calls to loadFixture with the same fixture function, the blockchain is restored to that snapshot rather than executing the fixture function again.

Do not pass anonymous functions as the fixture function. Passing an anonymous function like loadFixture(async () => { ... }) will bypass the snapshot mechanism and result in the fixture being executed each time. Instead, always pass a named function, like loadFixture(deployTokens).

Type:

loadFixture<T>(fixture: Fixture<T>): Promise<T>

Parameters:

• fixture: A named asynchronous function that sets up the desired blockchain state and returns the fixture's data.

Returns: A promise that resolves to the data returned by the fixture, either from execution or a restored snapshot.

Example:

async function setupContracts() { ... }
const fixtureData = await loadFixture(setupContracts);

#Manipulating blocks

#dropTransaction

Removes the given transaction from the mempool, if it exists.

Type:

dropTransaction(txHash: string): Promise<boolean>

Parameters:

• txHash: Transaction hash to be removed from the mempool.

Returns: true if successful, otherwise false.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const success = await networkHelpers.dropTransaction("0x123...");

#setBlockGasLimit

Sets the gas limit for future blocks.

Type:

setBlockGasLimit(blockGasLimit: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• blockGasLimit: The gas limit to set for future blocks.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the gas limit has been set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setBlockGasLimit(1000000); // Set block gas limit to 1,000,000

#setCoinbase

Sets the coinbase address to be used in new blocks.

Type:

setCoinbase(address: string): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• address: The new coinbase address.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the coinbase address has been set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setCoinbase("0x123...");

#setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas

Sets the base fee of the next block.

Type:

setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas(baseFeePerGas: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• baseFeePerGas: The new base fee to use.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the base fee is set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setNextBlockBaseFeePerGas(1000000); // Set base fee to 1,000,000

#setPrevRandao

Sets the PREVRANDAO value of the next block.

Type:

setPrevRandao(prevRandao: NumberLike): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• prevRandao: The new PREVRANDAO value to use.

Returns: A promise that resolves once the PREVRANDAO value is set.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.setPrevRandao(123456789); // Set the PREVRANDAO value

#Time

#increase

Mines a new block whose timestamp is amountInSeconds after the latest block's timestamp.

Type:

increase(amountInSeconds: NumberLike): Promise<number>

Parameters:

• amountInSeconds: Number of seconds to increase the next block's timestamp by.

Returns: A promise that resolves to the timestamp of the mined block.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
await networkHelpers.time.increase(12);

#increaseTo

Mines a new block whose timestamp is timestamp.

Type:

increaseTo(timestamp: NumberLike | Date): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• timestamp: Can be Date or Epoch seconds. Must be greater than the latest block's timestamp.

Returns: A promise that resolves when the block is successfully mined.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
networkHelpers.time.increaseTo(1700000000);

#latest

Retrieves the timestamp of the latest block.

Type:

latest(): Promise<number>

Returns: The timestamp of the latest block.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const timestamp = await networkHelpers.time.latest();

#latestBlock

Retrieves the latest block number.

Type:

latestBlock(): Promise<number>

Returns: A promise that resolves to the latest block number.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const blockNumber = await networkHelpers.time.latestBlock();

#setNextBlockTimestamp

Sets the timestamp of the next block but doesn't mine one.

Type:

setNextBlockTimestamp(timestamp: NumberLike | Date): Promise<void>

Parameters:

• timestamp: Can be Date or Epoch seconds. Must be greater than the latest block's timestamp.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
networkHelpers.time.setNextBlockTimestamp(1700000000);

#Duration

#years

Converts the given number of years into seconds.

Type:

years(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of years.

Returns: The equivalent duration in seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.years(1);

#weeks

Converts the given number of weeks into seconds.

Type:

weeks(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of weeks.

Returns: The equivalent duration in seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.weeks(1);

#days

Converts the given number of days into seconds.

Type:

days(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of days.

Returns: The equivalent duration in seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.days(1);

#hours

Converts the given number of hours into seconds.

Type:

hours(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of hours.

Returns: The equivalent duration in seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.hours(1);

#minutes

Converts the given number of minutes into seconds.

Type:

minutes(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of minutes.

Returns: The equivalent duration in seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.minutes(1);

#seconds

Converts the given number of seconds into seconds.

Type:

seconds(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of seconds.

Returns: The same number of seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.seconds(1);

#millis

Converts the given number of milliseconds into seconds, rounded down to the nearest whole number.

Type:

millis(n: number): number

Parameters:

• n: The number of milliseconds.

Returns: The equivalent duration in seconds.

Example:

const { networkHelpers } = await hre.network.connect();
const seconds = networkHelpers.time.duration.millis(1500); // Returns 1